Diseño e implementación del sistema de frenos respaldado en un módulo de recuperación de energía para un prototipo de vehículo solar de competencia.

Abstract

The conventional brakes are a fundamental part for the design of all types of automobiles; also, the regenerative brakes constitute an elementary system in electric or hybrid vehicles. These two systems incorporated in a vehicle allow the reduction of speed and, in turn, the retribution of electric power in reduced percentage that will be supplied to the vehicle's batteries. Designing the brake system and braking energy recovery by means of simulation software for a competition solar vehicle, complying with the established regulations, is the purpose of this degree work, since there is no braking system in the prototype, and much less any system of regeneration of energy to the batteries. The analytical method will be taken into consideration for the correct structuring and application of the project, with the objective of studying each component that is part of the system, and thus define the best option for its implementation according to the structuring of the prototype. The inductive method will also be considered for the present work, starting with the implementation and adaptation of the different components and using it to the prototype, in order to obtain a good performance of this during the competition. As a result, the brake system with a braking efficiency of 77.73% was implemented, which represents an ideal percentage for the reduction of speed or total stopping of the solar prototype of competition without the blocking of any of the wheels, more than agree with the calculation and experimental values. In addition, the percentage of energy recovery provided by the module is between 1.9 and 5.9%, helping us to reduce the premature wear of the batteries incorporated in the prototype.