Diseño y construcción de un banco de carga axial para la obtención de concentradores de esfuerzos con el uso de galgas extensiométricas

Abstract

This research aimed to develop a test bench for conducting strain gauge practices to determine stress concentrators in mechanical components. Various criteria provided by the ASTM E8M standard and recommendations from strain gauge manufacturers and the data acquisition module were considered. The elements that would form part of the test bench were appropriately selected through the techniques provided by the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) methodology. Static axial loads were applied to the specimen containing a strain gauge capable of measuring its deformation to determine stress concentrators. The information collected by the Wheatstone Bridge is transmitted to the data acquisition system, which acts as an intermediary between the test bench and the computer. An interface was developed in LabVIEW to display the data obtained from the strain gauges and calculate stress, strain, and stress concentrator values using equations. The results obtained were close to the tabulated data found in various bibliographies that refer to stress concentrators. When comparing this data with the results obtained through calculations and simulations, a percentage error in the test bench of less than 7% was established. In conclusion, the information provided by the axial load test bench proved accurate and reliable, allowing engineering students to compare the data obtained in practice with the corresponding theoretical concepts in the design field.