Estudio para la optimización del recurso hídrico con un sistema automatizado de riego en los pastos de la Hacienda San Pablo del Cantón Guano.

Abstract

The present work of curricular integration focuses on the implementation of an automatic irrigation system, which allows optimizing the consumption of the water resource applied in pastures in the Hacienda San Pablo from Guano Canton, increasing the forage load through efficient irrigation and decreasing the environmental impact generated by the waste of water. For its development, the efficiency and consumption of water were analyzed before the implementation of an automatic sprinkler irrigation system, consisting of opening and closing actuators controlled by a wireless sensor network. To reach each module an antenna was installed to increase internet coverage, the sensor network has a node in each crop plot that monitors soil moisture levels and a node, it fulfills the function of a weather station allowing to anticipate climatic conditions that may affect agricultural activities, the nodes establish their operation on an ESP8266 board that, in addition to being a controller, is a Wi-Fi antenna that sends and receives data through the MQTT protocol to a server that displays them in real-time in an interface to the owner, the MQTT server is managed by Amlogic S905W X96 minicomputer locally. Automatic irrigation was carried out under conditions of crop moisture levels that avoid saturation or dehydration of crops. The tests resulted in: 85% irrigation efficiency, reduced 19,5 m3 of daily water consumption, making a comparison with conventional commercial systems requires a lower investment of 2,16%, adding that is results are they reflect in the reduction of the water expense in 18,80%, quality of the crop and increase in the production of the dairy herd; consolidating into a profitable investment with a recovery time of 6 months.