Diseño de un reactor prototipo de fermentación oscura para el tratamiento de lodos residuales de textileras.

Abstract

The objective was the design, construction, and validation of a prototype reactor for the treatment of residual sludge, through dark fermentation previously irradiated with gamma rays with a dose of 350Gy. Textile industrial activity generates employment and development; however, most companies and PYMES do not give adequate treatment to sewage sludge, which affects the environment, mainly because of its content of heavy metals. We verified the most appropriated materials in the construction of the reactor, the conditions of operation, and the projection of the results obtained and the criteria of both design and construction. The mechanical design from the prototype it was validated through its simulation in the Solid Works software 2018 version. The construction material was Nylon LAMIGAMID 100 PA 6 for the cylindrical body; flat washers were used to ensure tightness, pressure. On the head of the equipment was installed a system for the acquisition of data using sensors, MQ8, MQ4 sensitive to the Hydrogen and Methane respectively. Performance tests were taken with an equal volume to 1 L of residual sludge under laboratory conditions with a residency time of 123 days. As result it was obtained a medium concentration of the bio hydrogen of 54,14 ppm with respect to that of bio methane 0,0034 ppm. We obtained a prototype reactor that meets the conditions for the dark fermentation process, to treat residual sludge from textile factories, its profitability was determined and can be used in the research and teaching area. It is recommended to use different types of organic waste and microorganism with high specificity to optimize the production of these gases.