Diseño y construcción de una máquina de tres ejes para usos múltiples accionada por control numérico computarizado, para la empresa IMSA construcciones metálicas de la ciudad de Riobamba.

Abstract

The present research describes the design and construction of a machine of Numerical Computerized Control (CNC), of three independent axes used to develop processes of milling, drilling, cutting and even welding, whereas the system (CNC) is based on desig simulation, programming and machining. The objective is to present a machine capable of reducing manufacturing times and costs, improving the quality of the finished product in the Company “Ignacio Melitón Santillán Arias (IMSA) Metal Constructions”. Through the analytical methodology, tension, displacement and distortion analysis was carried out applying Solid Works platform, and the type of material for the construction of the mechanical structure was determined. The selection of the motors for the execution of displacement in the axes was based on an inertial calculation of three components: mainly the upper platform, threaded axes and the same motor. Based on the design the construction of the machanical structure with A500 steel under the ASTM standard (American Society of Testing Materials), a NEMA 34 stepper motor (National Electrical Manufactures association) was used for the Y, Y´, Z axes and a NEMA 23 for the X axis with their respective drivers Z. Using specialized software for control (CNC) through paralell communication PC-Drivers, tests were performed that verified the functionality of the machine, obtaining satisfactory results based on the qualitative evaluation of the Surface finish. I conclude that a robust low cost machine was created, obtaining a high degree efficiency capable of being inserted in manufacturing processes in small and medium companies.