Diseño e implementación de un sistema automatizado para realizar exámenes de retinoscopía empleando visión artificial para el procesamiento de imágenes de la retina.

Abstract

An automated system was designed and implemented to perform retinoscopy examinations using artificial vision for the processing of retinal images. The technique of observation and experimentation was used to identify the necessary conditions involved in the retinoscopy examination. A mechanical, electronic and artificial vision design was established for the selection and installation of the necessary components for the automation. A video camera was installed to obtain images of the retina that are displayed on the computer. For the operation of the automated system an algorithm of processing and comparison of images programmed in the LabVIEW software was developed; through a connection to the serial port, data is sent from the computer to the Arduino Uno development board, which controls actuators that are servomotors that direct the position of the lenses and effect the movement of the light beam of the retinoscope. For the automatic change of lenses, a suitable mechanical system was implemented in order to obtain a fixed image of the retina; a human machine interface (HMI) was created, which allows the operator to view the examination process in real time. With the implementation of the system the average time of image comparison was determined, with the result that: eyes without ametropia were compared in 162,28 ms, myopia in 166,02 ms, with farsightedness in 170,7 ms and with astigmatism in 174,75 ms, reducing the time taken to perform the retinoscope examination of 250 to 150 seconds equivalent to 40%. It was concluded that the time of comparison of the images increase in 2,44% while the sea was the refractive damage. It is recommended to follow the instructions of the authors to ensure the correct functioning of the system.