Evaluación físico-química y microbiológica del agua de la JAAP de la comunidad Zazapud Hospital, parroquia Columbe, cantón Colta, provincia de Chimborazo.

Abstract

The objective of the present degree work was to evaluate the physical-chemical and microbiological quality of the water of the Drinking Water Administration Board of the Zazapud Hospital Community, Columbe Parish, Colta Canton, Chimborazo Province, in order to determine if it is suitable for the human consumption. The analysis was made of: 48 water samples during the period January - February 2018 coming from 4 slopes, 6 storage tanks and 14 distribution networks, the different samples were taken in duplicate, the 'process of collecting and transporting them it was carried out following the norms NTE INEN 2176: 1998, NTE INEN 1105: 1983 and NTE INEN 2169: 1998. At each sampling point the analysis of the physical parameters (color, turbidity, conductivity and STD) and chemicals (pH, nitrites, nitrates and fluorides) was carried out, following the methodology described in Standard Methods for water and wastewater examination and the Method Hach, the microbiological parameters (fecal coliforms) by the membrane filtration method and the parasitological study by the centrifugation method; according to the requirements of the NTE INEN 1108 standard "Drinking Water Requirements". In addition, the microbial resistance of the bacterium Escherichia coli was studied using the Kirby and Bauer method. It was determined that the water of the JAAP of the Zazapud Hospital community complies with the maximum limits allowed by the standard in terms of physical and chemical parameters; in the microbiological parameters, 100% of the samples are above the limit allowed by the standard (<1 CFU). The parasitological analysis revealed the prevalence in 16,66% of Entamoeba histolítica, 4,16% of Entamoeba coli, 4,16% og Giardia lamblia and 12,50% of mushrooms. In the evaluation of microbial resistance (Escherichia coli), it was determined: resistance against Ceftazidime, intermediate resistance to Ampicillin and Neomycin and sensitivity to Nalidixic Acid, Amikacin, Kanamycin, Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin. Because the water of the JAAP of the Zazapud Hospital community does not meet the microbiological requirements, it is recommended to seek technical assistance from the relevant authorities so that a conventional treatment system such as chlorination is implemented, without forgetting the future implementation of a potabilization system.