Análisis de intercambiabilidad de antibióticos de vía parenteral a vía oral en pacientes de Medicina Interna del Hospital General Docente de Calderón durante el período mayo 2016 –mayo 2017.

Abstract

The objective of this research was to analyze the interchangeability of antibiotics from the parenteral route to the oral route in the patients of Internal Medicine of the General Teaching Hospital of Calderon during the period May 2016 - May 2017. A descriptive, cross-sectional investigation was carried out, the population it consisted of clinical histories and pharmacotherapeutic profiles of 417 patients of both sexes treated with Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin, Fluconazole, Levofloxacin and Metronidazole. The sample was 259 cycles of antibiotics corresponding to 235 patients estimated by inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients with intravenous therapy greater than 48 hours and with appropriate pathologies was included to perform the interchangeability, patients who started their treatment orally and with suspended treatment are excluded. Applying the observation technique, relevant information of the patient was collected in an inventory divided into in 7 sessions: demographic characteristics, pathology, medication, clinical parameters, infection markers, digestive tract functionality and oral intake capacity. For the statistical analysis we used SPSS vs. 20.0 descriptive statistics and reduction of dimensions. The results indicated that 41.3% of antibiotic cycles had an appropriate continuation of intravenous therapy, 20.8% an inappropriate continuation of intravenous therapy, 15.4% an appropriate interchangeability, 11.6% an inappropriate interchangeability and 10.8% an interchangeability on incorrect days, of the antibiotics analyzed, ciprofloxacin was the one with the greatest change from intravenous to oral route. It was concluded that 20.8% of patients had the appropriate clinical conditions to change from intravenous therapy to oral therapy, however this change was not made, evidencing the lack of a sequential therapy program to contribute to the use medications, the well-being of patients and the saving of resources.