Evaluación de un sistema de control fotovoltaíco basado en los índices de irradiación solar del Sector Huachi Grande para la automatización de un sistema de regadío.

Abstract

This research work evaluates a photovoltaic control system based on the solar irradiation rates of Huachi Grande neighborhood “Nueva Vida”, for the automation of an irrigation system that is based on scientific, analytical and synthesis methodology. The analysis of the meteorological history provides by the INAMHI was made, referring to Querochaca station of Cevallos (Huachi Grande) canton of Tungurahua province, the analyzed data correspond to the years 2016 and 2017 and they are of solar radiation, humidity, temperature, sun hours, among others. With the acquired data, the calculation method for dimensioning the photovoltaic stations is applied, obtaining the quantitative values of solar insolation (2,7KW/m xvii

2 /day), latitude and longitude (-1.3190 -78.6419) respectively, of Huachi Grande sector, Nueva Vida Neighborhood: which measures 1320 Watios of consumption and calculates the number of solar panels, inverter, regulator and batteries needed to start the water pump, in order to irrigate an area of 500 m 2 of land. The test carried out in the system already implemented, allow analyzing the data of voltages of the solar panels at different angles of inclination, concluding that the best use of the system is achieved with an inclination of 11,31 0 with respect to the horizontal and looking towards the magnetic north. The system is dimensioning and designed to work 2 days a week, for 3 hours continuously pumping water from the reservoir tank to the land. Also it has 3 hours of energy reserve in its batteries. Huachi Grande area is optimal for the implementation of photovoltaic system,by the irradiation present in this sector, this feature makes photovoltaic systems a viable and ecological solution, generating renewable energy with high efficiency, with moderate installation costs, reducing the environmental impact; taking into account that the project has a social vision, due to the area is mostly inhabited by low-income communities and its population is dedicated to livestock and agriculture, especially the cultivation of fruits.