Desarrollo de un prototipo mediante un Radar de Apertura Sintética (SAR) para la detección y ubicación de objetos en ambientes internos con una tarjeta USRP B210.

Abstract

In this research, it was developed a prototype aperture radar (SAR) to detect and locate objects in laboratory environments, for which the USRP B210 card owned by ESPOCH was the main device. It was applied the bibliographical and field methodologies the first allowed the collection of the information which helped to describe the basic operation of a radar system, the requirements of the USRP B210 card and It was emphasized the algorithms of imaging of a SAR, the second allowed to use techniques to collect and process the actual data or facts. In order to generate the signals and perform the data processing, the MatLab software was used, in this the different algorithms were generated as the improvement of the resolution and the formation of the SAR image; On the other hand, the transmission and reception of the signal was done by GNU Radio because it consumes less resources when working with signals in real time. The different tests were carried out in a wide and closed place with a metallic object whose characteristics of the material help the reflection of the signals. After applying the different algorithms, the resolution was obtained in the frontal range of the radar equal to 30m, due to the limitation that generates the USB connection between the computer and the USRP card, in addition a resolution was achieved in transversal range equal to 7.65 cm. With this SAR prototype was possible to clearly defined the width of each target, which makes it possible to stop and locate them after applying the range migration algorithm (RMA). It is recommended to test the prototype. It is recommended to test the prototype radar with Linux to avoid the data saturation caused by the USB connection between the USRP card and the computer.