Diseño de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la parroquia Totoras, provincia de Tungurahua.

Abstract

The purpose of the present work is to design a treatment plant of wastewater for Parroquia Totoras located in the Tungurahua Province; in order to minimize pollution of River Pachanlica. For the development of the study has used the experimental method through a sampling compound of water to subsequently perform characterization test. After the analysis, it determined the process variables for the design such as: (Chemicla Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, settleable solid, suspend solid and fecal coliform bacterias, corresponding to parameters that do not have to do with the limits set out in the rules of environmental quality). In order to remover polluting matter performed tests in the laboratory for its treatability through physical and chemical methods opting for the primary treatment. Finally, it made the calculations for the sizing system designed to 20 years for a future population of 11336 inhabitants with a flow rate to treat 0,032m 3 /s and performing the following operations: pretreatment with manual grilles to remover coarse solids, primary sedimentation to remove smaller solids by gravity, mechanical aeration tanks with a volume of 180 m 3 and a power engine of 7,5 cv and secondary sedimentation for removal of sludge from the aeration resulting; obtaining a removal percentage about 40, 81% of removal of Biochemical Oxygen Demand, 36,76% of Chemical Oxygen Demand, 90% of suspended solids, 91% of settleable solids and more than 85% of microorganisms. The designed system will have an efficiency of 91% and it is important to mention that the process will ensure water treatment according to environmental standard, avoiding the contamination of Pachalinca River and the environmental impact of the sector that can be achieved not only with treatment, but also with the care and maintenance of equipment. It concluded that used the “CÓDIGO ECUATORIANO DE PARTE IX OBRAS SANITARIAS CO 10.07-601 NORMAS PARA EL ESTUDIO Y DISEÑO DE SISTEMAS DE AGUA POTABLE Y DISPACIÓN DE AGUAS RESIDUALES PARA POBLACIONES MAYORES A 1000 HABITANTES”