Evaluación de la calidad física, química, microbiológica y resistencia bacteriana del agua de consumo humano de la parroquia Punín, cantón Riobamba, provincia de Chimborazo.

Abstract

The objetive of this research was to evaluate the physical, chemical and microbiological quality of water for human consumption in the Punin parish, Riobamba canton, province of Chimborazo, by the Punin Water and Sewage Administration Board. Following the norm NTE INEN 1108:2014 “Drinking water. Requirements”, in order to verify the quality of the water consumed this rural parish. In each of the sampling points, physical-chemical, microbiological parameters of the distribution network were analyzed, including parameters such as (color disolved solids, conductivity, turbidity, pH, nitritis, nitrates, fluids, Fecal coliforms), using methods such as (Spectrophotometry, Petrifilm, and Probable Number), in terms of parasite determination, two methods were used: centrifugation and saturation flotation. Also the microbial resistance of physical parameters was studied, were the color with an avarage de 29,67 (Pt-Co), for turbidity and average of 4,79 NTU , and el 31% of samples in STD, did not comply with the current norm, in terms of microbiologica l results, was observed on average for total coliforms 22 CFU/mL, for fecal coliforms 9 CFU/ mL by the Petrifilm method, and by the NMP method the 92% of the samples has a value of 1.1 NMP / 100 mL, and 8% a value of 2.6 1.1 NMP / 100 mL, determining an obvious fecal contamination. As for the parasitological analysis, the prevalence was found in 54% of Entamoeba coli, 39% Entamoeba histolytica, 23% Chilomastix mesnili, 23% Ascaris lumbricoide, and 8% Giardia lamblia. In addiction, the bacterial resistance of Escherichia coli was evalueted against sensitivity disc, characterizet by bacteria resistant 100% a Ampicillin, 67% a Penicillin and 6% to Amikacin and moderately sensitive Nitrofurantoin and Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid So it is recommended to perform a treatment of water with 65%, calcium hypochlorite in addition to making a correct uptake in their respective eyes of water.