Extracción de colágeno y queratina a partir de cascos de bovino como método de aprovechamiento de los residuos generados en el Camal Municipal de Riobamba.

Abstract

The extraction of collagen and keratin from bovine helmets as a method of use of waste generated in the Municipal Camal of Riobamba, it was conducted in the laboratory of Unit Operations of the Faculty of Science at the Polytechnic School of Chimborazo with the aim of lessen the effect of environmental pollution caused by these waste, to be disposed of without any pretreatment. The methodology is a process consisting of two stages, first an assessment of the environmental impact was performed by the RIAM matrix which four were identified environments: physical, biological, socio-cultural and economic environment; obtaining positive impacts in terms of economic factors and negative impacts affecting the environment, the same that will be attenuated by the second phase. The second phase began with the collection of the raw material, the helmets were washed in cold water, then it treated with chlorine and then citric acid was applied; with softened samples was cut into strips approximately 1 cm wide and it liquefied; then it boiled with tap water, the cooking was filtered in hot and the liquid carried to oven drying with air circulation. The solid obtained is treated to determine the physicochemical properties and functionality to verify that ¡t has extracted the mixture of collagen and keratin of hooves of cattle. Based on 5 pounds of different sizes helmets after the process 26 g of a solid foam was obtained with characteristics of gel, brown color, salty flavor and sweet odor. The chemical composition analysis (Standard INEN 1670) determined to contain 16.44% protein and 2.81% fat (Standard INEN 523) with which it is found that is a mixture of collagen and keratin. The cooking process residuals and filtering form a fluff pulp that can be treated for the preparation of food for meat by virtue of their smell and texture of meat.