Biorremediación de suelos contaminados con hidrocarburos de la Parroquia Taracoa en Francisco de Orellana, mediante el Hongo pleurotus ostreatus.

Abstract

Bioremediation of contaminated soils with hydrocarbons was developed by the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. Hydrocarbons activities generate a significant negative impact on the environment not being carried out properly, the soil being one means mostly susceptible to oil pollution by hydrocarbons. The bioremediation process was carry out in the biotechnology laboratories at the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo in the Riobamba city, technique bioremediation was by biopiling same initiated with obtaining the fungal strain Pleurotus ostreatus, and subsequent inoculation in wheat as initial substratum, once invaded wheat by the fungus mycelium was inoculated on contaminated soil conditioning a specific substrate. Substrates for soil suitability were; peas, bagasse and cocoa becoming treatments A, B, C respectively. The three treatments were replicated and placed in individual cells with capacity of 2 kg for a total 9 experiments units. A completely randomized design (DCA-ANOVA) in order to determine whether there is significant difference between treatments and TUKEY statistical model to find the most appropriate treatment was applied. The results after 6 weeks of treatment showed that the treatment C reduced the TPH up to 92,11% decreasing concentration from 10051,52 ppm to 792,62 ppm, treatment A, reduced TPH in a 85% from 10051,52 ppm to 1493,89 ppm, while treatment B, reduced TPH in a 76,2 % from 10051,52 ppm to 2399,72 ppm. Thus it was determined that the treatments (A, B, C) were very effective in degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons considering the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus as an excellent bioremediator organism whose study opens doors to more effective costly methods of bioremediation.