Evaluación de la actividad insecticida del Látex extraído del Pela Manos (ficus subandina dugand) administrado en alimentación y por aspersión a hormigas (lasius niger), moscas domésticas (musca doméstica) y caracoles (hélix aspersa)

Abstract

The insecticidal activity of latex extracted from the "Pela manos" (Ficus subandina Dugand) was evaluated by spraying and administered by feeding on Lasius niger, Musca doméstica and Helix aspersa with the objective of obtaining an alternative to replace chemical insecticides that cause environmental and health damage. The latex was extracted directly from the trunk of the Ficus subandina Dugand tree and applied at 100%. The phytochemical screening determined the presence of secondary metabolites such as saponins (++) and alkaloids (+++), which when performed the CCP gave Rf 0.34 and 0.52 for alkaloids and 0.29 for saponins. The spraying technique was performed directly on the insect, where it was sprayed for 3 min at intervals of 15 min, in a period of 3 h for both Lasius niger and Musca doméstica, for Helix aspersa it was sprayed for 10 min at intervals of 4 h for 4 days. It was applied in 10 ant nests, 5 mosquito nests (25 flies/mosquito nest) and 5 snail nests (60 snails/snail nest) performing the test in triplicate. The feeding technique was done by adding latex to the diet. For Lasius niger it was 20g bee honey, 30mL latex, 15g vegetable oil and 25mL gelatin placed in 10 anthills; for the Musca doméstica 20g bee honey, 50mL latex and 30mL pasteurized milk all in a container with cotton moistened with the mixture, in 5 nets (25 flies/net) and for the snails vegetables such as cabbage, lettuce, and chard soaked with the latex inside 5 snail nests (60 snails/snail nest). The test was carried out in triplicate. We worked with a blank (purified water) and with the positive control (Baygon green). The results were analyzed by analysis of variance and separation of means according to Tukey at 5%. The percentage of mortality is 74.56% for ants, 76.53% for houseflies and 55.44% for snails by spraying and for feeding is 28.02%, 43.16% and 26% for ants, houseflies and snails respectively. The spraying technique is more effective than the feeding technique because it has a higher mortality rate in all three cases. This knowledge can be used for the industrialization of a new pesticide that is kinder to the environment.