Diseño de un sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales para el camal municipal del cantón Alausí

Abstract

In the present investigation, a Wastewater Treatment System was designed for the Municipal Camal of Alausí Canton. Using the deductive method, the study began with the recognition of the place of collection and discharge of wastewater, then the determination of the effluent flow was carried out using the manual volumetric method with the use of a graduated bucket, a rope and a stopwatch, from which representative samples and data were obtained for the design of the plant. When characterizing the wastewater, the results of the physical, chemical and microbiological analyses were obtained as follows: BOD5 2885 mg/L, COD 4590 mg/L, total solids 9213.33 mg/L, suspended solids 514 mg/L, turbidity 406.33 UNT, total coliforms 12654000 CFU/100 ml, fecal coliforms 92012000 CFU/100 ml, the parameters mentioned are outside the permissible limits of the standards of the Unified Text of Environmental Legislation. After treatment, the following values were obtained: BOD5 204 mg/L, COD 314 mg/L, total solids 1164 mg/L, suspended solids 24 mg/L, turbidity 3.45 UNT, total coliforms 70400 CFU/100 ml, fecal coliforms 4840 CFU/100 ml with values lower than those of the Unified Text of Environmental Legislation. It is concluded that the parameters analyzed allowed determining the components of the treatment system, which consists of: grids, a circular primary sedimentation tank, an aeration tank and finally a flocculation tank, so that the effluent complies with the limits established by the standard of the Unified Text of Environmental Legislation. I recommend that the Municipality of Alausí Canton implement the treatment plant to manage and control the contamination of liquid effluents discharged into the public sewage system by the animal feedlot.