Determinación de la actividad gstroprotectora de savia de Sande (Brosimum utile) en ratas (Rattus norvegicus) con lesiones gástricas inducidas

Abstract

Gastroprotective activity of sande sap was determined in rats with induced gastric lesions from the ESPOCH Biotherium. The sande sap was collected from the Brosimum tree. The experimental method included quality control and phytochemical screening of raw material, using potentiometer, refractometer, stove, muffle and minor laboratory equipment. Twenty Wistar albino rats were used, divided into 7 batches (positive control, negative control, treatments 1, 2, 3; target and acute toxicity), assigning 3 specimens for all batches except for the target, which only one was used, and for the acute toxicity batch, which required 4 animals. The animals were treated with 30%, 60% and 90% dilutions of sande (treatments). 1 mL was administered orally after induction of gastric ulcers with acetylsalicylic acid at 150 mg/kg. Lesions were evaluated according to the Marhuenda Scale and mean percentage of inhibition was calculated for each batch. Histopathological analysis of liver and kidney was performed to determine toxicity of the vegetable drug. The quality control, reported that sande has pH equal to 5.45, relative density of 1.001 g/mL, total ash equal to 1.134 % ± 0.09, water soluble ash of 0.692 % ± 0.18, acid insoluble ash equal to 0.321 % ± 0. 23 and the refractive index at 20 ºC is equal to 1.332; while the phytochemical screening gave positive tests for fatty compounds, coumarins, triterpenes, resins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins and saponins. It was observed that the 90% dilution inhibited ulcers by 65% compared to omeprazole. Sande sap does possess gastroprotective activity; it does not present cytotoxic effects neither hepatic nor renal, it is innocuous. No metabolites were determined; it is recommended to continue with the identification and mechanism of action of secondary metabolites.