Desarrollo de colorante natural en polvo por adsorción de pigmento de guarango (Caesalpinia spinosa) sobre matriz arcillosa

Abstract

There is a growing demand for industrial products and processes that are more environmentally friendly, which increases the trend for ecological product use. This situation has made that natural dyes have begun to be employed. The phenomenon of adsorption allows the utilization of clays as a vehicle for the fixation of natural dyes, in this case, dye obtained from guarango pods. For this reason, this research aimed to get a powdered natural dye from guarango pigment (Caesalpinia spinosa) adsorbed on a clay matrix. The optimal place to conduct this research was the Laboratory of Bromatology and Animal Nutrition of the Faculty of Animal Sciences at ESPOCH. The Research process included using 8 g of adsorbent and 80 ml of extract for each experimental unit, with three replicates for each sample. Clay origin, type of extract, and adsorption time were the combinations used to produce the powdered natural dye whose extracts resulted from maceration (96 hours) and were adsorbed for the estimated time of each treatment. The findings indicated, through analysis of variance, that the interaction of the combined effects of extract time presents significant differences in color retention. It was determined that the combination of factors that achieved the maximum adsorption of the aqueous extract was Licán - Aqueous - 2 hours, with 85.63% color retention, with an estimated production cost of $19.40 per kg, while for the ethanolic extract, the highest color retention was observed for San Juan - Ethanolic - 1 hour with 80.94%, with an estimated cost of $21.35 per kg. An unexpected behavior was observed in the case of the aqueous extract, suggesting further studies on the effect of solid medium acidity on the obtained pigmentation.