Diseño y construcción de un prototipo para la detección de síntomas de la neumonía en niños menores a cinco años de edad.

Abstract

In the present research work, a prototype for the detection of symptoms of pneumonia in children under five years of age was designed and built. Literary review on the symptoms of pneumonia was used as well as a comparative methodology to select which elements use, based on its functionality, reliability and cost. The system is made up of three stages: electronic, structural and software design. The electronic stage is powered by a 3,7V lithium-ion battery, it is controlled by an ESP32 development board, which processes and transmits via Wi-Fi the data measured by an infrared MLX90614 sensor for temperature and a MPU6050 sensor for respiratory rate. In the second stage, the prototype structure is designed in SolidWorks, it has a rectangular shape inserted over a belt which is placed in the area of the child's abdominal chest wall. Finally, the third stage is a user interface for the database, this allows to record the personal data of the child and the data of the symptoms. Each data with a critical level, issues an alert of possible pneumonia in the database, this facilitates a health professional determine a possible case of pneumonia. As a result of the statistical tests carried out, it is concluded that the coefficient of variation for temperature is less than 5%, being in the optimal range, and the respiratory rate is less than 20%, considered to be of an acceptable level, that is, the data is accurate. The T-student test applied revealed that the prototype is functional with a reliability of 95%, demonstrating that the data are not the result of chance. The implementation of an artificial intelligence system is recommended for data analysis to stablish a diagnosis of pneumonia.