Análisis del microbiota intestinal en los niños de las Comunidades Tiazo, Guaslán y el Troje de la parroquia de San Luis

Abstract

The main objective of this research study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal microbiota in children aged 5 to 10 years from the communities of Tiazo, Guaslán, and El Troje in the parish of San Luis. In a population of 264 children, information on age, gender, and risk factors was obtained through surveys. Samples of feces were also collected and taken to the Parasitology Laboratory, where they were analyzed using the technique of fresh coproparasite examination with Lugol and 0.85% saline solution. 85%,additionally for confirmation of results 8% of the total samples were analyzed using the Willis flotation concentration method with saturated sodium chloride solution, and 2% of the samples were analyzed by automated metagenomic analysis. Statistical analysis using the chi-square test showed the relationship of risk factors to parasitic disease. The prevalence of parasitosis in children was 44.32%. Both genders are susceptible toparasitosis. The most frequent parasites are Entamoeba coli (58.86%), Entamoeba histolytica (17.72%), Giardia lamblia (10.13%), and 3.16% the species Chilomastix mesnilii, Hymenolepis nana, and Iodamoeba bütschlii. The Willis flotation method identified the presence of Trichuris trichiura eggs, a species that was evident in the coproparasite. The most prevalent bacterial populations of the intestinal microbiota are Prevotellaceae (55%), Proteobacteria (47%), Firmicutes (27%), and Treponema (17%). The risk factors for intestinal parasitosis in the study population were: contact with pets, decay in toilet infrastructure, lack of hygienic habits, and rubbishcollection. It is recommended that the health authorities carry out health promotion campaigns to reduce the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in the child population.