Evaluación del uso racional de antibióticos en el área de hospitalización del Hospital Básico San Marcos

Abstract

The objective of this research was to evaluate the rational use of antibiotics in the hospitalization area of the Hospital Básico San Marcos, using a mixed methodological approach, with a non-experimental and descriptive design. The study was done in three phases: analysis of the most commonly used antibiotics in the hospitalization area, determination of the adequate use of antibiotics according to protocols and guidelines, identification of the main medicament interactions and training of personnel on the rational use of antibiotics. The results showed that, when analyzing 165 clinical records, the most frequently used antibiotics were ceftriaxone (60.38%), amikacin (15.57%) and ciprofloxacin (11.32%), so that the three categories of antibiotics prescribed were aminoglycosides, quinolones and, to a greater extent, beta-lactams (71.70%). In addition, it was determined that 67.11 % of the prescriptions with antibiotic therapy were not in accordance with the pharmacological treatment based on the therapeutic protocol and clinical practice guidelines of the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador (MSP), highlighting diseases of the digestive system. Regarding medicament interactions, the most frequent were ceftriaxone and amikacin (91.30%), followed by ceftriaxone and gentamicin (8.70%) and finally, 14 health personnel were trained by means of didactic material. It was concluded that there is not an adequate control of antibiotic prescription in the hospitalization service of the Hospital Básico San Marcos, showing that, of the 212 prescriptions both in monotherapy and combined therapy, 67.11% did not adjust to the therapeutic schemes of the health guides and protocols for the patient's diagnosis and, in addition, 23 cases of medicament interactions were determined. It is recommended to promote the use of protocols and clinical practice guidelines as support tools in the treatment of the patient's pathologies.