Elaboración de fibras textiles a partir de la extracción de celulosa de residuos agrícolas generados en el mercado Simón Bolívar de Riobamba

Abstract

The textile industry involves both environmental and social problems; the use of raw materials such as polymers or cotton requires a greater amount of energy and water for their treatment, and the use of toxic chemicals that generate high levels of pollution. For this reason, in this research a methodology was developed for the elaboration of a textile fiber based on agricultural residues, in order to find a sustainable and ecological alternative to conventional textiles and reuse residues that contribute to environmental pollution. A quantitative approach was implemented in an explanatory design since we sought to investigate the most efficient method for obtaining the fiber, and thanks to previous research it was determined that the study population would consist of the residues of corn, broccoli and peas from the Simon Bolivar Market in Riobamba. With the samples, an alkaline hydrolysis treatment was applied with different concentrations of "NaOH" and different reaction times, for the extraction of cellulose and thus the textile fiber. Through this methodology and quality tests, it was determined that the application of alkaline hydrolysis to corn residues with a 5% concentration of "NaOH" for 90 minutes is the most efficient because the fiber obtained through this treatment presented better properties than the other raw materials used. Finally, a viable solution was proposed for the textile industry through a sustainable alternative using agricultural residues. With this methodology, a quality textile fiber was obtained from corn leaves that contributes to the reduction of pollution and efficient use of natural resources.