Diseño de un proceso industrial para la obtención de detergente líquido biodegradable a partir de la saponina del choloque (Sapindus mukorossi)

Abstract

The objective of this study consisted of designing an industrial process to obtain biodegradable liquid detergent from the saponin of the choloque (Sapindus mukorossi). Initially, the extraction of saponin was carried out by boiling and the respective quality control was carried out, to make up a part of the final product that was elaborated in the laboratory of Industrial Processes of the Faculty of Sciences of the Polytechnic School of Chimborazo. Saponin was obtained by two methods, the first extraction in cold with 96% ethanol and the second in hot by boiling with water; the latter presented greater efficiency to obtain the saponin, for which a washing, chopping, evaporation and filtering process of the extract was carried out. The physicochemical characteristics of the saponin obtained were: density (1.01g/ml); pH (6.18); °Brix (3.03); refractive index and viscosity (381.5cP). Subsequently, the biodegradable liquid detergent was prepared based on NTE INEN Standard 0847 and presented the following results for validation: total fatty matter (3.3%); water-insoluble matter (0.67%); P2O5 (3.2%); surfactant biodegradability (98.84%); viscosity (381.5mPas); density (1.01 g/ml) and pH (4.04). Finally, packaging was carried out in 1L containers, and it was determined that by producing 100Kg of choloque daily, in 5 working days a week, the economic analysis indicated that the project is viable with financial indicators such as NPV, IRR and the recovery time of the investment of 1 year and 13 days, with a production cost of $1.94 and a PVP of $3.88. A botanical study is recommended in their plantations to obtain a quality raw material “choloque”.