Inducción a la variabilidad genotípica en semillas de maíz INIAP-101: variedad de maíz blanco precoz mediante la aplicación de Radiación X

Abstract

The objective of this research work was to induce the genotypic variability of maize seed variety INIAP-101 early white, using X-ray ionising radiation, for which it was exposed to different doses of radiation with different X-ray tubes made of Molybdenum and Wolfram, in order to improve the quality of seeds in the national territory. This work began with the irradiation of seeds in the ESPOCH laboratories, exposing the seeds to pre-established times of 15 and 30 minutes with two different X-ray generator tubes, a constant voltage of 35kV and milliamperage 1mA, thus determining the dose of ionising radiation emitted by the source and its respective absorption dose rate. Phenotypic changes were obtained from germination. The sample exposed to radiation with tungsten tubes during 30 minutes of exposure presented a growth of up to 200%, and the one irradiated with molybdenum tubes for 15 minutes presented leaves with greater leaf area and greater pseudo stem diameter, while the sample exposed with tungsten tubes for 15 minutes presented greater plant length or height compared to the control sample. It is concluded that the seeds exposed to radiation with tungsten tubes for 30 minutes show a better result compared to the control plant. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out long-term studies at the plant control level.