Diseño de una máquina semiautomática desvainadora y dosificadora de arveja mediante sistemas de rodillos para los pequeños productores de Chimborazo

Abstract

Small and medium-sized pea producers seek to add value by manually shelling their peas, which could be more efficient. Additionally, carrying out this action cyclically and over a prolonged period leads to various health issues and poses a risk of grain contamination. Therefore, this technical project aims to design and validate, through prototyping, a machine for shelling tender peas. To achieve this, an exhaustive literature review was conducted, taking into account the fundamental parameter of the estimated production capacity for the machine, which was set at 100 kg/h. To meet this requirement, a roller diameter of 32 mm was established, linked to the rotational speed of the rollers. To obtain a system that meets the environment's needs, the concurrent design method was implemented using Quality Function Deployment (QFD), which allowed for identifying user needs, analyzing the competition, and establishing the operational characteristics that the system must possess. In the design, it was determined that the maximum force before grain damage for securing them is 728.4 N, and synthetic NBR rubber was selected as the coating for the rollers. Subsequently, a unidirectional motor-vibrator configuration was chosen to ensure a system feed rate of 8.3 cm/s. A sieving system was also designed, incorporating oscillation through an eccentric shaft and crank to improve the dosing precision achieved through closed-loop control. The proper functioning was verified by constructing a 1:2 scale model with a 52 kg/h capacity. Implementing the designed system using this document's selected components and detailed construction parameters is recommended.