Análisis de los procesos de degradación de los suelos de la estación experimental Tunshi (sector FRN), situación actual y perspectivas.

Abstract

The objective of this research project was to analyze the processes of soil degradation at the Tunshi Experimental Station (FRN sector), current situation and perspectives. The bibliographic review about the processes of soil degradation of the Tunshi Experimental Station (EETE) was carried out, which consisted of three phases: search, organization and analysis of information. The EETE was divided into three zones known as the high, medium and low zone, then, we proceeded with the marking of the points by using the GPS and the coordinates in order to proceed with the taking of the samples from each one of the zones. Then the samples were prepared, labeled and sent to the laboratory for analysis, which were carried out in the TotalChem laboratory located Ambato canton. The parameters analyzed were; hydrogen potential (pH), texture, structure, macronutrients, micronutrients, organic matter content (OM) and electrical conductivity (EC). Semi-structured interviews were also carried out with key actors who have knowledge about the subject. The results of the analyzes were as follows: pH: high zone= 7.38, medium zone=7.60 and low zone= 7.24. In the texture, for the three zones a textural class of a sandy loam soil was obtained. For the OM content; high zone= 3.0%, medium zone=2.9% and low zone= 4.0%. In addition, for CE: high zone= 0.21mmhos/cm, medium zone=0.22mmhos/cm and low zone= 0.20mmhos/cm. It is concluded that the upper zone presents problems in the composition of its soils, due to this; an agroforestry system will be implemented in which the eucalyptus trees will be replaced by endemic species. It is recommended to carry out other types of soil analysis for the upper zone, such as an analysis of the soil biota and thus know what is happening in the upper zone of the EETE.