Determinación de la biodiversidad fúngica asociada al compost, de muestras recolectadas en tres etapas diferentes, en la comunidad Gaushi.

Abstract

The aim of this research was to determine the fungal biodiversity associated with three different compost stages. Samples of compost were collected and separated by stages, which were determined according to the number of turnings, for a total of three stages. Compost samples were prepared from which fungal microorganisms were isolated from both stock solutions and 10^(-1) dilutions, which were disseminated in petri dishes with PDA medium, the number of colonies present was recorded and grouped by morphotypes. As for the cultural characterization, the edge, shape, surface, front color and back color of the colony were recorded, as well as the molecular characterization, which amplified the DNA chain with the primers ITS5 and ITS4, the PCR products obtained were sequenced in the company MACROGEN COREA. With the obtained results from the cultural characterization, the genus of the microorganisms was identified, supporting the identification of the fungal strains with the molecular characterization. Fungal diversity was evaluated by means of relative abundance using the r-study program, species richness and Shannon and Simpson's diversity indexes. The characterization allowed us to identify the microorganisms present, identifying nine genera of which the greatest presence was found in the third stage in terms of fungal diversity with respect to the highest index of richness in the second stage with respect to the Shannon and Simpson diversity indexes, the second stage was the one with the highest values, giving us to understand that there is greater biodiversity in the composting stages. The genres identified in this study were: Aspergillus sp., Bipolaris sp., Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp., Paramyrothecium sp., Penicillium sp., Purpureocillium sp., Scedosporium sp., Trichoderma sp., Trichophyton sp., and Phomopsis sp.