Aplicación de un Modelo Matemático mediante Estadística Multivariante para identificar los estratos sociales de los hogares de la ciudad de Ambato en el cuarto trimestre del año 2019.

Abstract

This research aimed to apply a mathematical model through Multivariate Statistics that allows identifying the social strata of households in the city of Ambato in the fourth quarter of 2019. For this research, the ENEMDU Household Surveys database was selected. as a source of information, and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied using the free software R. This model made it possible to identify the variables that best summarize the information in the database, to efficiently segment the social strata of the households of the city of Ambato. These variables are the hours worked per week, job satisfaction, job seniority, and economic dependency. Through these variables, the thresholds are defined from the cut-off quartiles identified in the density curves of each variable. Thus, these variables make it possible to stratify “Ambateños” households and identify which segment they belong to using the scale that this study has generated. The hypothesis was verified by employing a statistical chi-square test. It was concluded that the Principal Components Analysis is a statistical model of the Multivariate Analysis that allowed to stratify the city of Ambato. Finally, it is recommended to use this model as a reference to be replicated in the different urbanizations in general, as an input for socioeconomic analysis to help the execution and analysis of public policies.