Diseño y construcción de una máquina de canje automático con verificación electrónica, para botellas plásticas tipo pet de 500 ml a 1.2 L.

Abstract

The present graduate research project was based on the design and construction of an automatic exchange machine with electronic verification capable of processing PET-type plastic bottles ranging in size from 500 ml to 1.2 L. In order to develop the prototype, a literature review was completed, focusing on commercial models of reverse vending machines and analyzing the main shortcomings with the goal of defining the requirements that the prototype must meet (cap detection, PET bottle without additional content, exchange item). The components for the design of the software and hardware were thus chosen, which included: lid detection, the presence of the exchange element, the condition of the caps and bottles, as well as verification of the plastic via reading the barcode label based on the modules of entry, expulsion and entry to the container. The ABI (Automatic Bottle Interchange) prototype commences operation by pressing a button that indicates that the container status is being analyzed. When the button is red the system remains inactive and the failure is communicated via text message to the maintenance manager. The ABI is able to detect a breach of any of the requirements and will thus expel any such element placed inside. if requirements are met, the exchange is carried out. Reproduction of indications was used to improve the interaction between the machine and the user. To validate the prototype, the Pearson Chi Square statistical test was applied, where the P value was less than the level of significance (3.4431E-22 <0.05) and with a reliability level of 95%, it was concluded that the exchange is only processed if the container complies with the requirements. For future improvements, the use of a gauge is recommended that would allow for greater control in regard to both the presence and the weight of lids.