Caracterización de infecciones por bacterias productoras de Beta Lactamasas de espectro extendido, Hospital General IESS Riobamba, enero 2018 – marzo 2019

Abstract

The objective of this work is to describe the main characteristics of infections by bacteria producing beta-lactamase of the extended-spectrum (ESBL), such as gender, age group, comorbidities, risk factors, most frequent types of bacteria and antibiotics most commonly used in the treatment. It is a descriptive non-experimental cross-sectional retrospective study, carried at the IESS “Hospital General Riobamba”, placed in Riobamba city, Chimborazo province, during the period from January 2018 to March 2019. Data were collected from the hospital's AS400 computer system and manually by reviewing records of cultures in the laboratory obtaining a total of 10341 records of patients with different kinds of samples of which 302 showed to be producing beta-lactamase bacteria of the extended-spectrum. Once the interpretation was made, it was possible to show that within the 302 patients the prevalence of ESBL positive is more frequent in patients over 65 years of age of the female gender, being Escherichia coli the most frequently isolated bacterium in urine cultures during hospitalization of patients with urinary tract infection belonging to a higher percentage of patients living in urban areas, and who have multiple comorbidities. Besides, it was evident that the most commonly used antibiotic is nitrofurantoin in the outpatient service, while a wide variety of antibiotics, as well as combined antibiotics, are used in hospitalization. Finally, a significant percentage do not receive any type of treatment, being mostly patients living in the rural area and who are diagnosed during the outpatient clinic. It is recommended to follow up patients whose culture results are positive for ESBL infections.