Construcción de un banco didáctico para el montaje, y análisis de fallos de sistemas de transmisión por engranajes rectos, helicoidales y tornillo sin fin

Abstract

The objective of this project was the construction of a didactic bench for the assembly and failure analysis of gear transmission systems, given that there is a deficit in the professional preparation of technicians, operators and engineers in the maintenance area related to equipment of mechanical transmission, due to the non-existence of modules during their academic training in educational institutions. Mechanical design methods were applied for the modeling of mechanisms based on spur, helical gear and worm screw transmission systems with an initial speed of the driving element of 1700 rpm and a reduction of 1:10, that is, 170 rpm for the gear transmission. In addition, the bench made it possible to analyze the failures produced in each of the elements mentioned by preparing a logbook according to the results obtained by visual inspection, handling of final elements or load application to cause errors in operation and verify existing failures during the motion transmission. For the mechanical modeling, the academic SolidWorks software was used, based on the calculations of the structural, electrical and mechanical system. As a result, a didactic module made up of three sections with their different transmission systems was obtained: spur, helical gears and worm screw. Thus, final speeds of 107 rpm, 152 rpm and 31 rpm respectively, for assembly, plan practices and preventive maintenance, allowing students in training to carry out the corresponding practices. Prior to the failure analysis, it is recommended to establish the operating parameters to recognize the superficial failures that are obtained from the visual inspection.