Análisis retrospectivo de la prevalencia de infecciones vaginales en las mujeres embarazadas del Centro de Salud Tipo C del cantón Quero, provincia de Tungurahua en el periodo 2019-2020

Abstract

The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of vaginal infections in pregnant women who attend to obstetrics area of the Centro de Salud Tipo C of Quero County during 2019-2020. Vaginal infections are worldwide health problem and pregnant women are especially affected since they are the most suitable population at risk of getting vaginal infections due to their functional and hormonal changes. A descriptive, non-experimental, retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out. A population of 132 pregnant women diagnosed with this disease in the 14 to 40 age range, was obtained. Data was collected through access to medical records obtained from the obstetrics area during 2019-2020. Data such as age, gestation period, diagnosis and treatment were recorded in the Microsoft Word software. Data tabulation was performed in Microsoft Excel, where tables and graphs were prepared to analyze the information. The hypothesis verification was carried out by means of the Chi Square with the statistical package SPSS v25. The results showed a prevalence of 20% in 2019 and 38% in 2020. Three types of diagnoses were found: Bacterial Vaginosis (Gardnerella vaginalis) with 39%, Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (Candida albicans) 51% and Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis) 10%. It was concluded that the most predisposed age groups to contract vaginal infections during pregnancy are between 15 to 19 (29%) and 25 to 29 years (27%) and a predominance of this disease in the second trimester of pregnancy with 51%. It was recommended to carry out programs, educational talks aimed at pregnant women in order to prevent the recurrence of vaginal infections, which are the cause of preterm births.