Evaluación de cinco métodos de escarificación y dos sustratos para la producción de plantas de nogal (Juglans neotropica), en el vivero Guaslán, cantón Riobamba.

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to evaluate five scarification methods and two substrates for the production of walnut (Juglans neotropica) plants at Guaslán nursery in the canton Riobamba. The aim of the study was to determine the most efficient method of scarification and substrate for sexual propagation and germination of walnut (Juglans neotropica) plants, using a bifactorial randomized complete design (9 treatments and 3 replications): M0: No scarification, M1: mechanical scarification sanding of the external wall, M2: cold water at 4°C for 5 days, M3: 100% lemon juice for 4 days and M4: boiled water for 5 minutes, likewise the substrates were prepared: S1: River Sand (75%) + Litter (25%) and S2: Black Earth Páramo (75%) + Husk (25%). The obtained results were the best in the M1 method in all the parameters analyzed: germination percentage was 41.83 %, stem diameter 4.9 mm, stem height 19.32 cm, root length 19.83 cm, and in the survival percentage all treatments were efficient. In substrate S1, the best results were gotten in all parameters: germination percentage was 32.1%, stem diameter 4.0 mm, stem height 4.78 cm and root length 15.95 cm. Then, it was determined that the best treatment was M1S1 since the forestry environment helped us to have a shorter germination time and thus plants were obtained for marketing and from an economic point of view, the M1S1 treatment was the most profitable, with a profitability margin of 53.08 %. For fruit selection, it was recommended to observe the best phenotypic aspects of the tree.