Diagnóstico de fallas en sistemas de transmisión debido a desbalanceo por medio de espectro vibracional

Abstract

The objective of this work is to select the most suitable method of vibrational analysis in rotating machines to control the wear parameter. For this, a detailed study of the ISO 1940 standard was carried out, which describes the balance quality requirements for rotors in a constant state, the types of unbalance and the permissible limits of unbalance in transmission systems of rotating machines. The factors of time and difficulty of the different methods of diagnosing faults in transmission systems by means of vibrational spectrum were compared and analyzed to select the most optimal, and finally a laboratory guide was written for the diagnosis of faults in a rotating machine in a routine inspection applying an efficient and fast method. As a result, it is established that the method of the four runs is the most effective since it controls the radial and axial unbalance in parts subject to maximum vibration in a machine with the use of a vibrometer and it can be carried out in the workplace of machine. In conclusion, it is determined that the method four runs without phase of balance in a plane is valid, with respect to the values obtained from the SKF QuickCollect sensor equipment, based mainly on the study of vibrations outside the normal range, by complying with the ISO 1940 standard. It is recommended to use the laboratory guide for the analysis of vibrations in rotating machines to keep track of the wear of mechanical elements to carry out preventive maintenance on the machines before a failure occurs that stops complete operation of the machine.