Descripción anatómica y organoléptica de la madera de cinco especies forestal, procedente de la hacienda Bohemia, parroquia Alluriquín, provincia de Santo Domingo.

Abstract

The objective of this research was to describe anatomically and organoleptically the wood of five forest species from the Bohemia farm, Alluriquín Parish, Santo Domingo Province, in order to generate information for the identification of forest species which can be used for harvesting and conservation. The dendrological identification was carried out in the herbarium of the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. To determine the organoleptic characteristics, specimens were made with the dimension of 16 x 9 x 2 cm. For anatomical identification, cubes of 2 cm3 were made for softening in the autoclave at a temperature of 121°C and a pressure of 1.2 kg/cm3, for each 1h cycle, depending on the hardness of the wood. The cuts were made with the microtome, to place them in the stains: Safranina, Astrablue and Malachite Green, managing to observe all its structures in the three cuts. Four cubes were isolated for each species to calculate the density. For the determination of pH, 24h fresh sawdust was removed, 20g of fine sawdust was weighed with a known volume. Finally, comparative tables were made for five species under study, using an analysis of variance. In the identification only Nectandra acutifolia (Ruiz & Pav) Mez and Nectandra obtusata Rohwer belong to the same genus and family. And the five species presented a common characteristic, their straight shafts. In the organoleptic characteristics it was demonstrated that the species are different and in the anatomical characteristics four species presented solitary pores and radial multiples of 2 and 3, a vasicentric paratracheal parenchyma, diffuse apotracheal parenchyma, and diffuse porosity. It is concluded that with the Astrablue and Malachite Green staining, very well defined structures are observed. It is recommended to integrate the study of the mechanical properties of the species, in order to obtain complete information in the forestry field.