Caracterización de las propiedades físicas y químicas de la madera de cinco especies forestales procedentes de la parroquia Multitud, cantón Alausí, provincia de Chimborazo.

Abstract

The aim of the research was to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the wood of five forest species from Multitud parish, Alausí canton, Chimborazo province. Chimborazo, so that fertile dendrological samples and woods were collected. The typological taxonomy of the species was carried out in the herbarium of the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. Chimborazo. The physical properties characterized were: anatomical, organoleptic and density. The chemical property categorized was the pH of the woods. For the anatomical characterization were used 2x2 cm thin wood tissues, Astrablue (A), Safranina (S), mixture (S/A) and the IAWA list. IAWA LIST. The organoleptic characterization was carried out according to the guidelines of the COPANT standards and through sensory organs, through sensory organs. The densities of the woods, both in the dry and green state, were determined using wood cubes. The pH of the woods was characterized using a sawdust-distilled water solution and the use of a pH meter. As a result, the scientific names of the five species correspond to Clusia multiflora, Erythrina edulis, Myrcia falla, Nectandra membranacea and Ruagea pubescens. The woods of all the species show anatomical species present anatomical characteristics such as: parenchyma, rays, fibers, fibrotracheids, among others. Statistical analyses showed that the anatomical characteristics have significant differences between species. In all the woods organoleptic characteristics were observed such as: color, odor, grain, brightness, grain, texture and flavor. The densities of the woods in the dry and green states woods were in the range 0.38 g/cm3 to 0.75 g/cm3 and 0.69 g/cm3 to 0.99 g/cm3 respectively. The pH of 4 woods is slightly acid and one wood has a neutral pH. In conclusion, the species belong to different families and the chemical physical characteristics of their woods are different in at least one.