Análisis del uso racional de antibióticos betalactámicos en pacientes del área de pediatría del “Hospital General Docente de Riobamba

Abstract

The main objective of this research was to analyze the rational use of beta-lactam antibiotics on pediatric patients of the Hospital General Docente of Riobamba in the period July-December of 2019. The research is theoretical, cross-sectional and retrospective, in which 645 medical records were reviewed, and a sample of 236 medical records were obtained from pediatric patients. For the data collection, a database was developed in Excel 365 with the following variables: sex, age, pathology, antibiotic, dose, frequency, way of administration, and microbiological tests; with all the information obtained, we proceeded to make the correlation tables. The results obtained in the research were: 59.74% of the patients attended were males, 29.66% correspond to infants, there was a greater recurrence of respiratory infectious processes with 42.28% of all these cases, being pneumonia, the pathology that occurs with a greater frequency 35.66%. In addition, it was established that the antibiotic most widely used in the pediatric area was ampicillin with 23.15%. When comparing the frequency and use of these antibiotics with the protocols, it was determined that there was a correct usage referring to the frequency. Therefore, the comparison between the prescribed antibiotics concerning indicated antibiotics, given by protocols of the Ministry of Public Health (MPH) that are those of the empirical Guide and use of antibiotics in pediatrics concluded that 77.12% of the cases complied with the recommendations of these protocols. Further investigation is recommended for the correct use and administration of antibiotics in the pediatric and neonatology area since these are the most vulnerable areas. Thus, it would be recommended to have a database of different years in which the rational use of it could be verified by the same or different problems and the irrational use of antibiotics would be diminished.