Análisis retrospectivo del tratamiento farmacológico de pacientes covid-19 que ingresaron a la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Provincial General Docente de Riobamba.

Abstract

This research was carried out at the Riobamba Provincial General Docente Hospital, with the purpose of analyzing the pharmacological treatment of patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the intensive care unit, during the period of June - August 2020. For this, it was carried out a retrospective study based on 33 medical records that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, in which age, gender, weight, height, admission diagnosis, underlying chronic diseases, COVID-19 treatment and treatments associated with comorbidities were identified with their respective dose and frequency. As a result of the study, it is shown that patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit died from the first 24 hours, after being admitted to this area. Among the reasons related to the death of patients with COVID-19, factors involved in the effectiveness of treatment such as obesity, smoking, alcoholism and comorbidities are mentioned. The most frequent comorbidities were Arterial Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Renal Insufficiency. Other comorbidities such as Asthma, Hypothyroidism and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, were not frequently evidenced. However, their presence significantly conditioned the recovery of the patient. The most widely used pharmacological treatments at the intensive care level were: analgesic, antipyretic, antibiotic, antiviral, anticoagulant, corticosteroid and sedative drugs. In relation to drug interactions, corticosteroids maintain a high percentage of interactions compared to other drugs administered. It was concluded that the pharmacological treatment administered did not significantly improve the clinical picture of the patient. Therefore, 76% of COVID-19 patients died. The timely implementation of pharmacovigilance and drug conciliation protocols is recommended in the intensive care unit in order to prevent exacerbations, adverse effects and discrepancies associated with drug treatment.