Estudio de la espectroscopia de absorción saturada mediante el formalismo de matriz densidad para revelar la estructura hiperfina del átomo del litio

Abstract

The objective of the present investigation project was to study the saturated absorption spectroscopy using the density matrix formalism to reveal the hyperfine structure of Lithium atom. For that, it was used the two-level atom scheme which represents the interaction of the monochromatic field on a set of atoms. It was postulated the Liouville equation to get the coherence effects within of density matrix formalism. It was applied a Maxwell-Boltzmann type distribution to introduce the temperature in the gas atoms y the Doppler effect due to the motion. It was applied perturbation theory in the density matrix to determine the system hydrodynamics equations for N-electromagnetic fields. It was considered simplified case of two counter-propagating beams, pump beam and probe beam, and it was studied the SAS. It was introduced the degenerations effects produced by the hyperfine quantum numbers come from the sum of whole the angular momentums. It was used the Wigner-Eckart theorem to propose the hyperfine structure hydrodynamic form of the Lithium atom. As a result, it was got an absorption spectrum, which shows the holding scheme given by the SAS. Similarly, according to the qualitive analysis of the hydrodynamics equations of Lithium it was inferred that the distribution of the sub-levels hyperfine of the ground state in the high temperatures limit will also show the holding scheme. It concludes that the hyperfine structure effects manifested in the Lithium absorption spectrum within del hydrodynamic formulation frame corresponds to an analogous form but unfinished, because of the large number of equations that has the system. From these basic principles it is recommend making an extension towards the numerical calculation.