Evaluación de los efectos biológicos causados por diferentes dosis de radiación en sangre periférica

Abstract

The present titling work had as aim to evaluate the biological effects caused by different doses of peripheral blood radiation. For which a lead irradiation chamber was designed, it contains the radioactive source arranged in 32 symmetrically configured slabs. Volumes of 2.5 ml of blood were placed inside the irradiation chamber for 8 hours and exposed to 0.56 Gy of radiation, to 0.84 Gy for 12 hours and finally to 1.68Gy of gamma radiation for 24 hours. After submitting the samples to irradiation, the clinical test called blood count was performed, which provides specific and detailed information on the general state of the peripheral blood based on the count of the three types of blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. The obtained data showed an increase in the quantity of red blood cells, hematocrit and hemoglobin; hematimetric indexes do not show alteration, while white blood cells and leukocyte formula decrease as do platelets. It is confirmed that gamma radiation tends to reduce the blood cells, causing diseases like anemia, leukemia and thrombocythemia induced by ionizing radiation. It is recommended to use radiation protection equipment during all exposure to gamma radiation and reproduce this work with people who are constantly exposed to ionizing radiation due to their work.