Estudio arqueobotánico de las terrazas arqueológicas de El Tablón, comunidad Joyagshi, cantón Chunchi, provincia de Chimborazo.

Abstract

The present research proposes: to carry out the archacobotanical study of the archaeological terraces of El Tablón, Joyagshi community; helping itself of three steps: analyzing the spatiality of the terraces; examining the macrobotanical archaeological contexts and characterizing the carpological botanical macro-remains. The descriptive method was used to analyze the spatiality of the terraces, with the field prospecting technique and information systematization, the terraces were divided into sectors "C, D and Fields of crops" to evaluate the archaeological contexts for the recovery of the archacobotanical material, 10 sampling units were opened and the use of flotation system was conducted for characterizing the carpological macro-remains and for the recovery of archaeobotanical material. 1063 plant macro-remains were recovered from the 10 sampling units, 55 excavated levels and a total floatation of 1650 liters of sediment, for which a stereomicroscope and carpological reference catalogues were used for identification. Among the families recovered are: Montiaceae (289 seeds), Phytolaccaceae (181 seeds). Amaranthaccae (155 seeds), Fabaceae (82 seeds). Lamiaceae (55 seeds), Asteraceae (43 seeds), Poaceae (20 seeds). Verbenaceae (28 seeds). all this evidences that the ancient societies of Joyagshi, created and used specialized cultivation systems. The archaeological data of botanical macro-remains show that these agro-pottery societies intensified the agriculture therefore they conducted a proper management of the soil due to the large percentage of iron found in each of the sampling units. 9 chronological dates corresponding to the Regional Development Period (3%), Integration Period (5%), and the Inca Period (1%) were obtained in terms of radiocarbon dating of the 10 samples. Retlecting a long standing in the historical trajectory of the social occupations associated with the terraces under study.