Diseño de un proceso para la obtención de papel a partir de la celulosa extraída del olote de Maíz (Zea mays L. var. Ceratina).

Abstract

A paper- making process was designed from cellulose extracted from corn cob(Zea mays L. var. Ceratin). For this, the cob was subjected to a process of grinding and sieving, where a particulate material with a mesh light diameter of 210 um was obtained that facilitated the extraction of cellulosic pulp at different proportions of sodium hydroxide per 100 g of raw material (1:5, 3:10, 2:5). The pulping conditions were performed at 95 degrees Celsius with time variation of 2h, 3h, and 4h, the pulp obtained underwent a bleaching process with sodium hypochlorite at 45 degrees Celsius by 0,75 h until the characteristic color of bond paper was achieved. The sheets of paper dried in the absence of light at room temperature were characterized resulting in a weight of 1,63g/square meters, the breakout rate of 189 kgf, a gauge of 0,152 mm, and the whiteness index with a reflectance variation of 13,61% relative to the standard. The most optimal pulping process gave a yield of 44,73% and a kappa number of 32,88 when working with a 3:10 ratio of NaOH (sodium hydroxide) for 3 hours at 95 degrees Celsius.