Análisis de los efectos de la erupción del volcán Tungurahua a través del procesamiento e interpretación de imágenes satelitales, para tomar medidas de protección civil.

Abstract

The present titling work has as objective to analyse the Tungurahua volcano eruption effects through the satellite images processing and interpretation, to take civil protection measures. For the images treatment the remote sensors, “teledetection”, were used, through Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 satellites, it was realised a detailed monitoring and damage caused assessment for the volcanic eruption , especially in remote zones where the absence of technical appliances in terrain does not allow to monitor adequately. With these images it was proceeded to realize the radiometric and atmospheric correction, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the surrounding of the volcano were analysed, the glow temperature, the distance and the volcanic cloud direction, using adequate spectral bands for such analysis, the same that were developed in ENVI and MATLAB; these results were interpreted with the volcano eruptions record since 1999 until 2016, to detect the changes caused by the lava and pyroclastic flows, being useful to stablish prevention measures and security strategies on the part of the Government entities. Finally, logs with the band combinations to register chronologically the volcanic activity in a photographic way are presented. The glow temperature was not calculated in all the images due to the percentage of cloudiness that Landsat showed, since 2003 in the Landsat 7, the scanner sensor (SLC) stopped working, this mistake was corrected in the multispectral bands, but it was not possible in the thermic band. The lava deposits, sulphur dioxide, the crater deformation, could not be measured because of Landsat does not have the bands with necessary wavelength. The project showed that the ENVI tool has higher advantages than the MATLAB program, for the images processing.