Plan de intervención para alcanzar el control clínico y analítico en pacientes con hipotiroidismo primario.

Abstract

The objective of the research was to increase the level of clinical and analytical control of patients with primary hypothyroidism, through the application of an intervention plan. A quasi-experimental investigation was conducted, with longitudinal design and descriptive and correlational scope. The universe consisted of 62 patients with primary hypothyroidism belonging to the El Retamal neighborhood of the city of Riobamba; through non-probabilistic sampling, intentional based on criteria, the sample was established in 45 subjects. The research instrument was applied to the participants, which within its structure included the Battle and Morisky-Green tests and the analog visual scale of the EuroQol-5D questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed with the IBM SPSS Statistics program, the descriptive statistics for continuous variables included measures of central tendency and dispersion, for absolute variables absolute frequencies and percentages were calculated. Inferential statistics included Fisher's Chi square, McNemar's test and the Ranges with Wilcoxon signs test. The intervention plan increased the level of knowledge of the disease (p=0.002) and consequently pharmacotherapeutic compliance (p=0.002). These factors improved the clinical and analytical control of these patients, evidenced by the increase in patients who, after the intervention, reached normal values of TSH (p<0.001) and fT4 (p <0.001), better health-related quality of life ( p<0.001) and decrease in the percentage of symptomatic individuals (p=0.001). In conclusion, the increase in the level of knowledge and consequently greater therapeutic compliance improves the clinical and analytical control of patients with primary hypothyroidism. Given the absence of specific symptoms, a high level of suspicion should be maintained so as not to delay the diagnosis of hypothyroidism; in addition, patients should be given specific information about their pathology and its treatment.