Análisis acerca de la prescripción de antibióticos a pacientes pediátricos, en el Hospital Básico de Pelileo provincia de Tungurahua.

Abstract

The main objective of the present research work was to conduct an analysis of the prescription of antibiotics to pediatric patients who came to the outpatient área of the Basic Hospital of Pelileo, Tungurahua Province. The research is non-experimental, descriptive, observacional, with a retrospective evaluation of patients from 1 to 14 years of age who attended the medical consultation in the July-October period of 2018. A total of 696 medical records were reviewed, resulting in a final sample size of 121 HC of patients whose indications they have the prescription of an antibiotic, for the data collection a format was elaborated in which the pediatric age was recorded, diagnosed pathology, antibiogram, prescribed antibiotics, route of administration, dose, and the duration of the treatment. The results obtained in the study were that 60% of the pediatric patients attended correspond to the ages between 1 - 3 years, having a higher incidence of respiratory infectious processes with 76.9% of the cases, identifying the tonsillitis as the pathology. which affects a greater proportion with 42.8%. In addition, 7 antibiotics of greater rotation were established in the pediatric population of Pelileo, with azithromycin in oral suspension being the most requested antibiotic. Concluding that the prescription of antibiotics in the Pelileo Basic Hospital for patients under 3 years of age is not in accordance with the therapeutic protocol established by the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador, with the respiratory system being the most affected, three families of antimicrobials were identified prescribed (macrolides, beta-lactams and trimethoprim), used in the treatment of different infectious processes. It is recommended that prior to treatment with antibiotics, complementary tests such as culture and antibiogram should be requested to establish the appropriate treatment, avoiding the development of bacterial resistance.