Diseño y construcción de un reactor discontinuo de saponificación para el laboratorio de procesos industriales de la Facultad de Ciencias de la ESPOCH.

Abstract

The design and construction of a discontinuo saponification reactor was carried out to obtain liquid soap, which is used to carry out manufacturing practices in the following departments: Mass balance, Unit Operations and Chemical Reaction Engineering. The variables for the design of the reactor were determined at laboratory level, being the following: density = 1.02 g / ml, viscosity = 2309.2 g / cm. s, pH = 9.5, and in the kinetic study of the reaction of Saponification of the ethyl acetate with hydroxide gave a conversion of 97% with a reaction rate of 2.44x10-6mo1L-s1 and a residence time of 30 minutes. By means of the trial-error method, the type of agitator was determined, based on viscosity parameters. The reactor was built with plates of stainless steel AISI 304, with the following characteristics: volume = 60L, height = 045m, diameter of 0.55m; with a maximum operating capacity of up to 30 liters. The main feature of the equipment is the uniquely designed blade type called toroidal balloon agitator. The equipment has a motor of 1600 W and a control board for the speed of agitation. Liquid hand soap was obtained, which meets the requirements established in the INEN 842 Agentes Tensoactivos and liquid soap, in terms of physical and chemical analysis, with a yield of 97%. It is recommended to follow the procedure for the operation of the Reactor Discontinuo of Saponification, which it will prevent it from suffering any damage during its handling and an error in the data collection.