Aprovechamiento de residuos sólidos orgánicos de la Empresa Pública Municipal mancomunada de aseo de los cantones Colta, Alausi y Guamote, mediante tratamientos biológicos. compostaje, co-compostaje, vermicompostaje y takakura.

Abstract

The present research work was carried out at the Agroecological Hacienda of Totorillas, located 10 km from the urban area of the Guamote canton, next to the Pan Americana South highway, which covers an area of 50 hectares. The objective of the study was to take advantage of the organic solid waste of the Empresa Pública Municipal Mancomundada de Aseo of the cantons Colta, Alausí and Guamote through the techniques of Composting, Co-composting, Takakura and Vermicomposting, elaborating organic fertilizers that can be used in the soils. The initial characterization of the organic matter to be composted from the open-air dumps of the canton Colta, Guamote and the Agroecological Hacienda of Totorillas was carried out, adjusting a C / N ratio and adequate humidity to ensure a correct transformation of the organic matter. Later four treatments were elaborated with the following characteristics: a pita of Composting (1 ton of organic residues), a pita of Co-Composting (850 kg of organic residues +150 kg of straw), a pile of Takakura (65 kg of compost) seed +300 kg of organic waste) and a bed of vermicompost of 1m2 (60 kg pre-composted organic waste + earthworms). The pH, humidity and temperature were monitored as the main control parameters of the process, being recorded in the treatments of Composting, Co-composting and Takakura, and 24 samples were taken in total analyzing: pH, CE,% MO and for the initial samples and end %IG; macronutrients (NPK) and micronutrients (C Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn). The characterization of the fertilizers obtained determined that all the treatments fulfill quality criteria to be used directly in the soil with the exception of composting which must be mixed with another substrate of better quality for its use as an agricultural amendment.