Efecto del porcentaje de poda sobre el proceso de compostaje de la fracción orgánica de los residuos sólidos urbanos (FORSU) del Relleno Sanitario de Porlón.

Abstract

The objective of this work was to stablish the acquired compost quality through the determination of multiple analysis techniques of experimental nature, stablishing the percentage effect of pruning over the fertilizer quality in function of the raw material. In Riobamba city it is located the Porlon Landfill, large amounts of solid wastes are deposited in that place, it has stablished a per-capita production of 0.79 Kg/inhabitant/day. The population growth, the consumption habits and the agri-food and industrial processes have caused negative environmental impacts for its inadequate disposal of the waste, for this, three composting piles were built using the Windrow method considering two types of waste mixtures to be composted with different concentration; P1 (90% (OFUSW + 10% PRUNING), P2 (80% OFUSW + 20% PRUNING), P3 (100% OFUSW). During the whole process different physical-chemical, chemical and biological parameters were evaluated such as: pH, CE, CEC, C/N, Nt%, MO%, heavy metals, macro and micro nutrients and germination index. In the composting process it was noticed that the three piles were significantly different in their parameters of maturity and quality. At the end, suitable hygienization ranges were found, low levels of impurities, an increase in the CE to 4.4% dS/m in the pile 2, followed by the pile 1 and 3 with 3.4% dS/m and 3.7 dS/m respectively, so they had an increasing concentration of nutrients and a non-significant level of toxicity due to heavy metals that were found below the minimum reference value by the American, European and Ecological Soil Criteria guideline. It was noticed that the percentage of pruning influenced the quality of the compost. It is recommended as a control measure the increase in the frequency of the turns to guarantee a better mineralization of the Urban Solid Wastes (USW) in the composting piles.