Aprovechamiento de residuos de plátano, cacao y maíz como sustratos para la producción del hongo “Pleurotus ostreatus”, en la comunidad La Magdalena de Francisco de Orellana.

Abstract

The objective of the present titration work was to determine if the residues of cocoa, corn, banana and the mixed one conformed by the three residues are suitable for the production of the fungus "Pleurotus Ostreatus", in the community of La Magdalena, the research was carried out in two stages: the first one, was developed in the Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory of the ESPOCH, where the mycelium of "Pleurotus Ostreatus" was obtained, for its later inoculation in a growth medium (wheat seeds), then the substrates were prepared to be evaluated, for which the waste was crushed, washed, pasteurized and dried, until reaching a humidity of 50%, then 1 kg of residue was weighed and inoculated with 100 g of wheat seeds, the mixture was homogenized and placed in a plastic cover, in total four sowings were made, each consisting of waste and a mixed compound of the three, with four repetitions for each of these; for the second stage, the bags were moved to the La Magdalena community, where the solid fermentation process was carried out until the mushroom harvest; the initial substrates, remnants and fruiting bodies obtained, were evaluated with a bromatological analysis, the production was analyzed from the following parameters: yield, biological efficiency and precocity, the results were compared through a completely random design. The statistical analysis determined that the cocoa shell is the best substrate for the cultivation of "Pleurotus Ostreatus", with an average production of 262.49g, a yield of 23.86%, a biological efficiency of 90.24% and a precocity time of 19 days, the fruiting bodies of "Pleurotus ostreatus", analyzed recorded adequate percentages of protein (25.4%), therefore the harvested mushrooms are considered as a food that has an important nutritional value suitable for human consumption. It was concluded that the waste of cocoa, maize, banana and mixed percentages of yield and biological efficiency of 10% and 50% respectively, therefore, these residues can be used as substrates for the production of edible mushrooms "Pleurotus Ostreatus". It is recommended to combine these waste with other agricultural by-products from the area with the purpose of obtaining greater production.